{"id":7112,"date":"2022-07-04T16:20:57","date_gmt":"2022-07-04T14:20:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/felhasznalt-alapanyagaink-a-gumi-vulkanizalas\/"},"modified":"2025-10-13T16:42:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T14:42:39","slug":"felhasznalt-alapanyagaink-a-gumi-vulkanizalas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/ro\/felhasznalt-alapanyagaink-a-gumi-vulkanizalas\/","title":{"rendered":"Materiile prime utilizate: cauciucul \u2013 vulcanizarea"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen seria noastr\u0103 de articole a\u021bi putut citi deja despre originea r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii la nivel mondial a <\/strong>cauciuc<\/strong><\/a>, aceast\u0103 particularitate <\/strong>cu structur\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103<\/strong><\/a>, un material flexibil. S-a descoperit, de asemenea, c\u0103 <\/strong>nu toate cauciucurile sunt la fel<\/strong><\/a>, de aceea \u0219i anvelopele fabricate din acestea vor avea propriet\u0103\u021bi diferite. Din articolul de ast\u0103zi vom afla, de asemenea, cum se poate produce cauciucul prin vulcanizare pornind de la cauciucul natural.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea<\/h2>\n

\u00cen cadrul procesului de fabrica\u021bie a cauciucului, se produce un cauciuc cu propriet\u0103\u021bi optimizate pentru domeniul de aplicare respectiv, care \u00ee\u0219i pierde \u00eens\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bile benefice odat\u0103 cu trecerea timpului \u0219i \u00een urma utiliz\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Acesta deteriorarea st\u0103rii de s\u0103n\u0103tate este sinonim\u0103 cu \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea<\/strong>, care este, de obicei, rezultatul unor reac\u021bii chimice ireversibile. Pe parcursul procesului de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire, propriet\u0103\u021bile mecanice ale cauciucului se deterioreaz\u0103, de aceea acesta se se rupe<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Structura molecular\u0103 a cauciucului poate fi considerat\u0103 ca o singur\u0103 re\u021bea continu\u0103. Atunci c\u00e2nd cauciucul se rupe, \u00een toate cazurile duce, de asemenea, la ruperea structurii moleculare<\/strong>, ceea ce duce la apari\u021bia unor capete libere de lan\u021b, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, \u00een anumite cazuri, impacturile mecanice pot declan\u0219a \u0219i reac\u021bii chimice.<\/p>\n

\u00cemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea poate fi provocat\u0103 at\u00e2t de radia\u021biile ultraviolete din lumina soarelui, c\u00e2t \u0219i de temperaturile ridicate sau de solicit\u0103rile mecanice repetate \u0219i ciclice. Pentru a elimina aceste factori, produsul fabricat din cauciuc con\u021bine, de asemenea, componente care previn \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea cauciucului brut<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Vulcanizare<\/h2>\n

\u00cenainte de vulcanizare, amestecul brut de cauciuc, maleabil dar pu\u021bin elastic, se amestec\u0103 cu agen\u021bi de vulcanizare. \u00cen timpul procesului de vulcanizare, se formeaz\u0103 leg\u0103turi \u00eencruci\u0219ate \u00eentre moleculele lan\u021bului de cauciuc brut \u0219i particulele agentului de vulcanizare, care modific\u0103 structura materialului<\/strong>, consolid\u00e2nd \u0219i pun\u00e2nd \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bile dorite ale cauciucului.<\/p>\n

\u00cen marea majoritate a cazurilor sulful este agentul de vulcanizare<\/strong>, deoarece este ieftin \u0219i u\u0219or de procurat; cu toate acestea, \u00een timpul vulcaniz\u0103rii se pot utiliza \u0219i telur, seleniu, diverse oxizi metalici \u0219i chiar substan\u021be cu energie ridicat\u0103 electromagnetic<\/a> \u0219i radia\u021bii.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent, \u00een procesul de vulcanizare, de obicei sulf polimerizat<\/strong> se utilizeaz\u0103, ceea ce permite determinarea \u0219i ajustarea mai u\u0219oar\u0103 a propriet\u0103\u021bilor dinamice ale cauciucului finit.<\/p>\n

Compusul, pe cauciuc<\/strong> pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 alte materiale (de exemplu o\u021bel<\/a>\u2013 sau structuri textile, elemente de fixare) sunt, de asemenea, fabricate \u00een fabrica de cauciuc, de obicei prin fixarea pieselor brute din amestec de cauciuc la celelalte componente, urmate de vulcanizare.<\/p>\n

Rezisten\u021ba la rupere<\/h2>\n

\t\tDeterminat\u0103 de for\u021ba de coeziune dintre particule rezisten\u021ba la rupere \u00een cazul cauciucului<\/strong> \u2013 datorit\u0103 structurii sale specifice \u2013 nu este u\u0219or de stabilit<\/strong>. Dac\u0103 cauciucul s-ar rupe doar din cauza destr\u0103m\u0103rii leg\u0103turilor chimice, rezisten\u021ba sa la rupere ar fi de 3000 MPa.<\/p>\n

\u00cen schimb, \u00een realitate, cauciucul<\/strong> se rupe astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t pe suprafa\u021ba sa se formeaz\u0103 o fisur\u0103 care se extinde pe \u00eentreaga sec\u021biune transversal\u0103. Datorit\u0103 acestei particularit\u0103\u021bi, cauciucul cu o rezisten\u021b\u0103 la rupere de 300 MPa este considerat deja rezistent.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Jum\u0103tate din produsele din cauciuc fabricate la nivel mondial sunt anvelope<\/strong>, iar cealalt\u0103 jum\u0103tate este reprezentat\u0103 de produse din cauciuc, dintre care o parte sunt produc\u021bia de macarale<\/a> produse utilizate \u0219i \u00een cadrul acestui proces: furtunuri, curele<\/a>, curele, garnituri, pl\u0103ci de cauciuc, bare de protec\u021bie \u0219i altele.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cum se ob\u021bine cauciucul din cauciuc natural? Prin vulcanizare. Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 asta mai exact, pute\u021bi afla citind articolul nostru!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7113,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,102],"tags":[180],"class_list":["post-7112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hasznos-tudas","category-hirek-cikkek","tag-gumi","has-thumb"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFelhaszn\u00e1lt alapanyagaink: a gumi - vulkaniz\u00e1l\u00e1s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hogyan lehet a kaucsukb\u00f3l gumit k\u00e9sz\u00edteni? Vulkaniz\u00e1l\u00e1ssal. 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