{"id":7108,"date":"2022-06-04T09:57:54","date_gmt":"2022-06-04T07:57:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/felhasznalt-alapanyagaink-a-gumi-a-kaucsuk-osztalyozasa\/"},"modified":"2025-10-13T16:42:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T14:42:39","slug":"felhasznalt-alapanyagaink-a-gumi-a-kaucsuk-osztalyozasa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/ro\/felhasznalt-alapanyagaink-a-gumi-a-kaucsuk-osztalyozasa\/","title":{"rendered":"Materiile prime utilizate: cauciucul \u2013 Clasificarea cauciucului"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00cen articolele noastre anterioare am analizat deja de unde s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit la nivel mondial <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/ro\/felhasznalt-alapanyagaink-a-gumi\/\"><strong>cauciuc<\/strong><\/a><strong>, precum \u0219i ce anume face ca biologia molecular\u0103 s\u0103 fie at\u00e2t de unic\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/ro\/felhasznalt-alapanyagaink-a-gumi-a-kaucsuk-szerkezete\/\">structura spa\u021bial\u0103<\/a><\/strong><strong>, datorit\u0103 c\u0103reia \u00ee\u0219i datoreaz\u0103 flexibilitatea \u0219i popularitatea f\u0103r\u0103 egal. Cu toate acestea, cauciucul nu este \u00eenc\u0103 cauciuc; pentru a putea produce cauciuc prin amplificarea propriet\u0103\u021bilor sale avantajoase, cauciucul trebuie vulcanizat. Totu\u0219i, nu este indiferent din ce tip de cauciuc este fabricat cauciucul.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Nu toate cauciucurile sunt la fel<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t\u00centruc\u00e2t cauciucul utilizat are un impact fundamental asupra produsului fabricat<strong> calitatea cauciucului<\/strong>, precum \u0219i asupra propriet\u0103\u021bilor acestuia, merit\u0103 s\u0103 trecem \u00een revist\u0103 clasificarea cauciucurilor utilizate \u00een procesul de fabricare a anvelopelor.<br \/>\nCea mai elementar\u0103 clasificare este cea prezentat\u0103 \u00een partea anterioar\u0103 a seriei noastre de articole <strong>cauciucurile naturale \u0219i cele sintetice<\/strong> distinc\u021bia dintre cele dou\u0103.<br \/>\nApari\u021bia acestora a fost determinat\u0103 de lipsa materiilor prime care a urmat dup\u0103 av\u00e2ntul industriei de cauciuc. Aceste materiale <strong>\u00een fabricile chimice<\/strong>, fiind produs \u00een principal din petrol \u0219i gaze naturale.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00cen anumite cazuri \u0219i domenii de utilizare <em>propriet\u0103\u021bile cauciucului sintetic sunt mai bune dec\u00e2t cele ale cauciucului natural<\/em>, de aceea, \u00een prezent, aproximativ cincizeci la sut\u0103 din materia prim\u0103 utilizat\u0103 \u00een produc\u021bia de cauciuc este reprezentat\u0103 de cauciucul sintetic \u2013 care este, de obicei, mai scump dec\u00e2t cel natural.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u00cen articolul nostru anterior am men\u021bionat deja cauciucul \u2013 \u00een special <a href=\"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/ro\/acelok-es-mas-anyagok-szakitoszilardsaga\/\">trac\u021biune<\/a> deformarea sa ulterioar\u0103, precum \u0219i rearanjarea macromoleculelor de cauciuc dup\u0103 \u00eencetarea ac\u021biunii for\u021bei.<br \/>\n<strong>\u00cen cazul unei solicit\u0103ri ciclice, curbele de deformare (histerezisul) din primele c\u00e2teva cicluri de solicitare vor avea un parcurs similar, dar valorile lor vor fi diferite.<\/strong> Acest fenomen <strong>Fenomenul Mullins sau efectul Mullins<\/strong> s\u0103-i spunem a\u0219a.\t\t<\/p>\n<h2>Cele mai caracteristice propriet\u0103\u021bi ale diferitelor tipuri de cauciuc<\/h2>\n<p><em><u>Cauciuc natural<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen structura spa\u021bial\u0103 a cauciucului natural, secven\u021bele moleculare repetitive se succed \u00een mod regulat, \u00een aceea\u0219i pozi\u021bie, ceea ce duce la un grad relativ ridicat de ordonare.<\/p>\n<p>Cauciucul natural <strong>con\u021bine \u00eentotdeauna substan\u021be de natur\u0103 proteic\u0103<\/strong>, la care se observ\u0103 o interac\u021biune puternic\u0103 \u00eentre grup\u0103rile moleculare polare, precum \u0219i un grad de cristalizare mai mare dec\u00e2t media. Datorit\u0103 acestui fapt, cauciucul natural se cristalizeaz\u0103 destul de bine, \u00een special sub ac\u021biunea for\u021bei de \u00eentindere. A <strong>cauciucul fabricat din cauciuc natural are propriet\u0103\u021bi dinamice foarte bune<\/strong>, cu histerezis redus.<\/p>\n<p>Cu toate acestea, con\u021binutul de proteine nu reprezint\u0103 un avantaj \u00een toate domeniile: anvelopele pe baz\u0103 de cauciuc natural nu au o rezisten\u021b\u0103 prea mare la ap\u0103 \u0219i nu sunt rezistente nici la uleiuri.<\/p>\n<p>Anvelopele fabricate din cauciuc natural prezint\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 bun\u0103 la uzur\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><em><u>Cauciuc izoprenic<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Compozi\u021bia sa chimic\u0103 principal\u0103 este identic\u0103 cu cea a cauciucului natural, \u00eens\u0103 structura sa nu este la fel de regulat\u0103, iar <strong>nu con\u021bine proteine<\/strong>. Din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103, se cristalizeaz\u0103 pu\u021bin, <strong>propriet\u0103\u021bile sale dinamice sunt u\u0219or inferioare celor ale cauciucului natural<\/strong>. Rezisten\u021ba la uzur\u0103 este sc\u0103zut\u0103, rezisten\u021ba la ulei este slab\u0103, similar\u0103 cu cea a cauciucului natural, \u00eens\u0103 rezisten\u021ba la ap\u0103 este mai bun\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><em><u>Cauciuc de butadien\u0103<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen structura cauciucului de butadien\u0103, interac\u021biunea dintre macromoleculele \u00eenvecinate este slab\u0103. Din acest motiv, cauciucul fabricat din aceast\u0103 materie prim\u0103 <strong>foarte flexibil, cu propriet\u0103\u021bi dinamice excep\u021bionale \u0219i rezisten\u021b\u0103 la uzur\u0103<\/strong> va fi un produs care dispune de aceast\u0103 caracteristic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><em><u>Cauciuc butadien-stiren<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Copolimer de butadien\u0103 \u0219i stiren (sau metilstiren), ale c\u0103rui propriet\u0103\u021bi sunt determinate \u00een principal de raportul dintre butadien\u0103 \u0219i stiren.<\/p>\n<p>Datorit\u0103 stirenului <strong>are o rezisten\u021b\u0103 la rupere ridicat\u0103 \u0219i o rezisten\u021b\u0103 la c\u0103ldur\u0103 mai bun\u0103<\/strong> precum \u0219i cauciucul tradi\u021bional. Deoarece este destul de ieftin, este folosit adesea \u00een compozi\u021bia benzii de rulare a anvelopelor.<\/p>\n<p><em><u>Cauciuc butilic<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Poliizobutilena are o structur\u0103 foarte compact\u0103, de aceea, \u00een compara\u021bie cu celelalte tipuri de cauciuc, <strong>este cunoscut pentru permeabilitatea sa foarte redus\u0103 la aer, precum \u0219i pentru rezisten\u021ba sa bun\u0103 la substan\u021be chimice<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Cauciuc cloroprenic<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Principalul s\u0103u component este policloroprenul. Una dintre variantele sale comerciale r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite este cea utilizat\u0103 ca materie prim\u0103 pentru costumele de scufundare <strong>Neopren<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Cauciuc de etilen-propilen\u0103<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cauciucurile de etilen-propilen\u0103 <strong>pot suporta temperaturi mult mai ridicate dec\u00e2t majoritatea<\/strong>, de aceea sunt folosite ca materie prim\u0103 pentru fabricarea cauciucurilor rezistente la c\u0103ldur\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen urm\u0103toarea \u0219i ultima parte a seriei noastre de articole, vom discuta despre modul \u00een care se poate ob\u021bine cauciucul din tipurile de cauciuc men\u021bionate mai sus, prin procesul de vulcanizare.<\/p>\n<p>Imaginea care ilustreaz\u0103 fenomenul Mullins <a href=\"http:\/\/doktori.bme.hu\/bme_palyazat\/2017\/Honlap\/Feher_Eszter_hu.htm\">Eszter Feh\u00e9r<\/a> provine din studiul s\u0103u.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cauciucul nu este \u00eenc\u0103 cauciuc; pentru a putea produce cauciuc prin poten\u021barea propriet\u0103\u021bilor sale benefice, cauciucul trebuie vulcanizat. Citi\u021bi mai departe<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7109,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,102],"tags":[180,181],"class_list":["post-7108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hasznos-tudas","category-hirek-cikkek","tag-gumi","tag-kaucsuk","has-thumb"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.2 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Felhaszn\u00e1lt alapanyagaink: a gumi - A kaucsuk oszt\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A kaucsuk m\u00e9g nem gumi, ahhoz, hogy az el\u0151ny\u00f6s tulajdons\u00e1gainak feler\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel gumit gy\u00e1rthassanak, a kaucsukot vulkaniz\u00e1lni kell. 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