{"id":7095,"date":"2022-03-02T20:51:20","date_gmt":"2022-03-02T19:51:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/az-aluminium-jellemzoi-es-eloallitasa\/"},"modified":"2025-10-13T16:42:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T14:42:38","slug":"az-aluminium-jellemzoi-es-eloallitasa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/ro\/az-aluminium-jellemzoi-es-eloallitasa\/","title":{"rendered":"Aluminiul \u2013 caracteristici \u0219i procesul de produc\u021bie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aluminiul este un metal comun, u\u0219or, u\u0219or de prelucrat \u0219i modelat, rezistent la coroziune, motiv pentru care este utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103. Datorit\u0103 numeroaselor sale propriet\u0103\u021bi avantajoase, este folosit frecvent \u0219i \u00een tehnica de ridicare, a\u0219a c\u0103 merit\u0103 s\u0103 afl\u0103m ceva mai multe despre el.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Caracteristici<\/h2>\n

Aluminiul este moale, t\u0103iabil<\/a>, un metal u\u0219or de culoare alb-argintiu, care, odat\u0103 pulverizat, devine gri \u0219i face parte din grupa a III-a a tabelului periodic. Num\u0103rul de \u00eenmatriculare este 13, simbolul chimic este Al<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 oxigen \u0219i siliciu al treilea element ca frecven\u021b\u0103 din scoar\u021ba terestr\u0103<\/strong>, \u00eens\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 u\u0219or cu alte substan\u021be chimice, nu se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een stare elementar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Un component important al acestuia<\/strong><\/em> mineralelor argiloase, bauxitului, micelor \u0219i mai multor minerale constitutive ale rocilor, pe care le numim silica\u021bi de aluminiu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A cu fierul de c\u0103lcat<\/a> \u0219i din o\u021bel<\/a> spre deosebire de nu se corodeaz\u0103<\/strong>, deoarece, sub ac\u021biunea aerului, pe suprafa\u021ba sa se formeaz\u0103 \u00eentr-un timp foarte scurt un strat de oxid care \u00eel protejeaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva oxid\u0103rii ulterioare.<\/p>\n

Pe produsele din aluminiu, stratul protector de oxid este \u00eengro\u0219at artificial.<\/strong><\/em> Procesul se nume\u0219te anodizare.<\/p>\n

Istoria sa<\/h2>\n

De\u0219i alunul era cunoscut \u00eenc\u0103 din antichitate, Lavoisier a fost primul care a b\u0103nuit, urmat de Davy, c\u0103 ar putea fi sarea unui metal necunoscut p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci, pe care Davy l-a numit \u201ealuminiu\u201d provine din cuv\u00e2ntul englezesc \u201ealum\u201d<\/strong> <\/em>dup\u0103 denumirea sa.<\/p>\n

\u00d8rsted a fost primul care a reu\u0219it s\u0103 sintetizeze acest metal \u00een 1825. Primul lingou de aluminiu din lume, cu o mas\u0103 de 1 kg, a fost prezentat la Paris \u00een 1855 la expozi\u021bia mondial\u0103<\/a> a fost prezentat. La acea vreme, pre\u021bul noului metal rivaliza \u00eenc\u0103 cu cel al aurului, \u00eens\u0103 Charles Martin Hall \u0219i Paul H\u00e9roult au descoperit \u00een 1866 \u2013 independent unul de cel\u0103lalt \u2013 c\u0103 poate fi produs \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari prin electroliza cu criolit<\/strong><\/em>, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t a devenit mult mai accesibil.<\/p>\n

Fabricarea<\/h2>\n

Aluminiul se poate ob\u021bine din bauxit\u0103 prin intermediul aluminei. Procesul se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n

1. Exploatarea bauxitei<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Produc\u021bia de aluminiu este bauxit\u0103 brut\u0103<\/strong> \u00eencepe cu extrac\u021bia sa. Acest material, care se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een special \u00een zona ecuatorial\u0103, are un con\u021binut ridicat de, 15\u201325% con\u021binutul de aluminiu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

2. Rafinarea aluminei<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Din bauxita extras\u0103 se ob\u021bine aluminiu, adic\u0103 oxid de aluminiu, prin tehnologia de rafinare Bayer. \u00cen aluminiu, atomul de aluminiu este legat de oxigen, iar aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 trebuie rupt\u0103 prin electroliz\u0103. Din aluminiu \u00een propor\u021bie de 2:1<\/strong> (adic\u0103 din 2 tone de aluminiu brut se ob\u021bine 1 ton\u0103 de aluminiu) se produce metalul primar.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Aluminiul brut ob\u021binut \u00een acest fel poate fi deja prelucrat. Despre acest aspect, precum \u0219i despre aluminiu domeniile sale de utilizare<\/a> Vom discuta despre acest lucru \u00een articolul urm\u0103tor.<\/p>\n

Imaginea din De pe Pixabay<\/a> provine din.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aluminiul este un metal comun, u\u0219or, u\u0219or de prelucrat \u0219i modelat, rezistent la coroziune, motiv pentru care este utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103. Iat\u0103 cum se fabric\u0103!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,102],"tags":[170,171,172],"class_list":["post-7095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hasznos-tudas","category-hirek-cikkek","tag-fizika","tag-kemia","tag-nyersanyag","has-thumb"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAz alum\u00ednium - jellemz\u0151i \u00e9s el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa - Eco-Cranes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Az alum\u00ednium gyakori, alacsony s\u00faly\u00fa, k\u00f6nnyen alak\u00edthat\u00f3 \u00e9s form\u00e1zhat\u00f3, korr\u00f3zi\u00f3\u00e1ll\u00f3, ez\u00e9rt sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben felhaszn\u00e1lt f\u00e9m.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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