{"id":7046,"date":"2020-11-21T20:17:22","date_gmt":"2020-11-21T19:17:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/a-darugyartas-alapanyaga-az-acel-i-resz\/"},"modified":"2026-07-21T12:48:58","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T10:48:58","slug":"a-darugyartas-alapanyaga-az-acel-i-resz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/ro\/a-darugyartas-alapanyaga-az-acel-i-resz\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u021belul, materia prim\u0103 utilizat\u0103 \u00een fabricarea macaralelor \u2013 Partea I"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. \u2013 Fier din minereu de fier<\/h2>\n

Faptul c\u0103 un modern <\/strong>ma\u0219in\u0103 de ridicat<\/strong><\/a> sau <\/strong>cran<\/strong><\/a> puternic \u0219i <\/strong>\u00een siguran\u021b\u0103<\/strong><\/a> S\u0103 fie stabil, dar \u00een acela\u0219i timp flexibil; utilizarea o\u021belurilor \u0219i aliajelor de \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate \u00een procesul de fabrica\u021bie este esen\u021bial\u0103. Dar cum se poate produce o\u021belul din minereu de fier? \u00cen seria noastr\u0103 de articole vom c\u0103uta r\u0103spunsul la aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare. Preg\u0103ti\u021bi-v\u0103, urmeaz\u0103 no\u021biuni de baz\u0103 din chimie \u0219i metalurgie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Baza tuturor o\u021belurilor: minereul de fier<\/h5>\n

Fierul este un compus chimic metalic, iar sistemul periodic<\/a> Elementul cu num\u0103rul 26 (simbolul chimic Fe), care este at\u00e2t de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een natur\u0103 sub form\u0103 de compu\u0219i, \u00eenc\u00e2t, dintre toate elementele, doar oxigenul, siliciul \u0219i aluminiul sunt mai abundente pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt.<\/p>\n

Con\u021binutul de fier al minereurilor poate varia.<\/p>\n

Pentru o produc\u021bie rentabil\u0103 de fier, este necesar un minim de 20%<\/strong><\/em> este necesar un con\u021binut de fier de aproximativ aceast\u0103 valoare; \u00een acest scop, pot fi luate \u00een considerare hematitul, magnetitul, goethitul \u0219i limonitul.<\/pre>\n
Preg\u0103tire<\/h5>\n
Celelalte componente \u0219i minereuri din minereul de fier care sunt inutile \u0219i nu pot fi utilizate \u00een procesul de produc\u021bie a fierului, adic\u0103 con\u021binutul de minereu de fier neproductiv<\/strong><\/em> \u00een timpul procesului de preg\u0103tire, acestea sunt eliminate prin m\u0103cinare, \u00eembog\u0103\u021bire, reducere a volumului \u0219i peletizare.<\/p>\n
Minereul de fier preg\u0103tit este apoi transportat c\u0103tre \u00een cuptorul de topire<\/strong><\/em>, sau, cum se spune mai des, ajunge \u00een cuptor.<\/p>\n
Desigur, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 furnal, sunt necesare \u0219i alte echipamente: dozatoare care alimenteaz\u0103 minereul de fier \u00een interiorul furnalului de topire primar\u0103, un schimb\u0103tor de c\u0103ldur\u0103 care pre\u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te aerul injectat, precum \u0219i filtrarea substan\u021belor solide din gazele de ardere<\/strong><\/em> \u0219i la separatorul de pulbere utilizat \u00een acest scop.<\/p>\n
Exist\u0103 un \u00eentreg sistem de utilaje care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu scopul de a extrage con\u021binutul de fier din minereul de fier.<\/p>\n
Reducerea \u00een cuptor<\/h5>\n
Ceea ce se petrece \u00een topitorie procese de reducere chimice \u0219i fizice<\/strong> <\/em>Acestea se numesc procese metalurgice. \u00cen cuptorul de topire are loc mai \u00eent\u00e2i o reducere indirect\u0103, apoi una direct\u0103.<\/p>\n
C\u0103rbunele este agentul de reducere al minereului de fier. Substan\u021ba care \u00eendepline\u0219te cerin\u021bele, ob\u021binut\u0103 din c\u0103rbune negru de bun\u0103 calitate prin \u00eenc\u0103lzire \u00een mediu lipsit de aer, este cocs<\/strong><\/em> se potrive\u0219te cel mai bine. Procesul \u00eencepe prin \u00eenc\u0103lzirea acestuia.<\/p>\n
Mai mici (1000 o<\/sup>La o temperatur\u0103 sub C, monoxidul de carbon care se ridic\u0103 \u00een cuptor \u00eencepe reducerea oxidului de fier din baia de metal, transform\u00e2ndu-se, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, cu ajutorul oxigenului absorbit, \u00een dioxid de carbon stabil la o temperatur\u0103 mai sc\u0103zut\u0103. Acest proces se nume\u0219te reducere indirect\u0103.<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u00cen cadrul procesului de produc\u021bie a fierului brut, \u00een compu\u0219ii fierului se formeaz\u0103 diverse oxizi, a c\u0103ror reducere are loc treptat.<\/p>\n
Temperatura este de 1000<\/em> o<\/sup>Ridic\u00e2ndu-l deasupra lui C<\/strong>Procesul se transform\u0103 \u00eentr-o reducere direct\u0103, care este intensificat\u0103 prin injectarea de aer. V\u0103 scutim de detaliile privind formulele chimice.<\/p>\n
\u00cen baia de metale<\/strong><\/em> Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 minereul de fier \u0219i agentul reduc\u0103tor, se g\u0103sesc \u0219i substan\u021be care formeaz\u0103 zgur\u0103, care, plutind la suprafa\u021ba metalului \u00eenc\u0103lzit p\u00e2n\u0103 la starea lichid\u0103, izoleaz\u0103 suprafa\u021ba de oxigenul din aer. Zgura particip\u0103 la procesele metalurgice, facilit\u00e2nd p\u0103trunderea anumitor elemente \u00een baia de metal, precum \u0219i eliminarea acestora din aceasta.<\/p>\n
La finalul proceselor de reducere se formeaz\u0103 minereu de fier<\/strong><\/em>, care iese din cuptorul de topire \u00eentr-un mod cu adev\u0103rat spectaculos prin captare<\/a> \u00eei las\u0103 s\u0103 coboare.<\/pre>\n
Dup\u0103 parcurgerea unor etape suplimentare de prelucrare a minereului de fier font\u0103 turnat\u0103<\/strong><\/em>, sau pentru fabricarea echipamentelor de ridicare<\/a> se poate produce o\u021belul necesar. Despre acesta din urm\u0103 vom vorbi \u00een urm\u0103toarea parte a seriei noastre de articole.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I. – Vas\u00e9rcb\u0151l vas Annak, hogy egy modern emel\u0151g\u00e9p vagy daru er\u0151s \u00e9s biztons\u00e1gosan stabil, k\u00f6zben m\u00e9gis rugalmas legyen, a gy\u00e1rt\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n felhaszn\u00e1lt magas min\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 ac\u00e9lok \u00e9s ac\u00e9l\u00f6tv\u00f6zetek felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa a kulcs. De hogyan lehet a vas\u00e9rcb\u0151l ac\u00e9lt el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtani? Cikksorozatunkban erre keress\u00fck a v\u00e1laszt. K\u00e9sz\u00fcljenek, k\u00e9miai \u00e9s koh\u00e1szati alapismeretek k\u00f6vetkeznek. Minden ac\u00e9l alapja: a vas\u00e9rc A […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,102],"tags":[145,115,129,146],"class_list":["post-7046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hasznos-tudas","category-hirek-cikkek","tag-acel","tag-daru","tag-emelestechnika","tag-gyartas","no-thumb"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA darugy\u00e1rt\u00e1s alapanyaga, az ac\u00e9l - I. r\u00e9sz - Eco-Cranes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I. - Vas\u00e9rcb\u0151l vas Annak, hogy egy modern emel\u0151g\u00e9p vagy daru er\u0151s \u00e9s biztons\u00e1gosan stabil, k\u00f6zben m\u00e9gis rugalmas legyen, a gy\u00e1rt\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n felhaszn\u00e1lt magas\u2026\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/ro\/a-darugyartas-alapanyaga-az-acel-i-resz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A darugy\u00e1rt\u00e1s alapanyaga, az ac\u00e9l - 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