{"id":11202,"date":"2026-08-30T19:54:38","date_gmt":"2026-08-30T17:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/?p=11202"},"modified":"2026-08-30T21:02:53","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T19:02:53","slug":"daruszabvanyok-magyarorszagon-es-a-vilagban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecocranes.hu\/ro\/daruszabvanyok-magyarorszagon-es-a-vilagban\/","title":{"rendered":"Standardele privind macaralele \u00een Ungaria \u0219i \u00een lume"},"content":{"rendered":"
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O sarcin\u0103 de c\u00e2teva tone suspendat\u0103 \u00een aer nu iart\u0103 gre\u0219elile. Prin urmare, la proiectarea unei macarale nu este suficient s\u0103 se \u0219tie doar ce greutate trebuie s\u0103 ridice. Trebuie stabilit \u0219i c\u00e2t de des func\u021bioneaz\u0103, ce sarcini suport\u0103, cum este verificat\u0103, cum este exploatat\u0103; \u0219i ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een cazul \u00een care ceva nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 corect. <\/strong><\/p>

Acest sistem este definit de standardele privind macaralele. <\/strong><\/p>

Nu este vorba de un singur standard, ci de un \u00eentreg sistem<\/h2>

La nivel interna\u021bional, acesta ISO 4301-1:2016<\/a> (Macarale \u2013 Clasificare \u2013 Partea 1: Generalit\u0103\u021bi)<\/em> unul dintre documentele fundamentale. Macaralele \u0219i mecanismele acestora sunt adaptate la condi\u021biile de utilizare \u0219i la scopul prev\u0103zut cicluri de lucru<\/a>, pe baza spectrului de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u0219i a deplas\u0103rilor medii.<\/p>

Acest lucru este important deoarece o macara care efectueaz\u0103 c\u00e2teva sute de ridic\u0103ri pe an \u0219i o macara industrial\u0103 care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een mod continuu sunt supuse unor solicit\u0103ri cu totul diferite.<\/p>

Baza european\u0103 de proiectare: EN 13001<\/h2>

Una dintre cele mai importante serii de standarde din domeniul proiect\u0103rii macaralelor la nivel european este EN 13001, care \u00een Ungaria este cunoscut\u0103 sub denumirea de MSZ EN 13001.<\/p>

Acesta MSZ EN 13001-1:2015<\/a> (Macarale. Caracteristici generale. Partea 1: Principii generale \u0219i cerin\u021be)<\/em> stabile\u0219te principiile generale de proiectare necesare pentru prevenirea riscurilor mecanice asociate macaralelor. Conform MSZT, aceasta trebuie aplicat\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu celelalte p\u0103r\u021bi ale standardului EN 13001.<\/p><\/blockquote>

Seria de standarde evolueaz\u0103 \u00een mod continuu: de exemplu, este valabil\u0103 MSZ EN 13001-3-5:2026<\/a>, care reglementeaz\u0103 st\u0103rile limit\u0103 ale c\u00e2rligelor de macara forjate \u0219i turnate, precum \u0219i certificarea conformit\u0103\u021bii acestora. De asemenea, a fost publicat \u0219i standardul MSZ EN 13001-3-6:2026, care trateaz\u0103 limitele de rezisten\u021b\u0103 mecanic\u0103 ale cilindrilor hidraulici utiliza\u021bi \u00een structurile portante ale macaralelor.<\/p>

Macarale pe pod \u0219i macarale pe platform\u0103: cerin\u021be speciale<\/h2>

O macara pe pod care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentr-o hal\u0103 industrial\u0103 are o structur\u0103 cu totul diferit\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de o macara mobil\u0103 sau o macara cu turn. Aceasta MSZ EN 15011:2021<\/a> (Macarale. Macarale de pod \u0219i macarale pe platform\u0103)<\/em> se refer\u0103 \u00een mod specific la cerin\u021bele de siguran\u021b\u0103 pentru macaralele de pod \u0219i macaralele pe st\u00e2lpi care se deplaseaz\u0103 pe \u0219ine sau \u00een alt mod, precum \u0219i pentru cele fixe.<\/p>

Noul acord interna\u021bional ISO 12480-5:2026<\/a> \u0219i totu\u0219i stabile\u0219te \u00een mod expres cerin\u021be privind utilizarea \u00een condi\u021bii de siguran\u021b\u0103 a macaralelor de pod \u0219i a macaralelor pe platform\u0103, aplicate \u00eempreun\u0103 cu standardul ISO 12480-1.<\/p>

Nu este suficient doar s\u0103 planifici \u2013 trebuie \u0219i s\u0103 verifici<\/h2>

Siguran\u021ba macaralei nu se \u00eencheie odat\u0103 cu finalizarea procesului de fabrica\u021bie. Aceasta ISO 9927-1:2013<\/a> (Macarale \u2013 Inspec\u021bii \u2013 Partea 1: Generalit\u0103\u021bi)<\/em> stabile\u0219te cerin\u021bele generale de inspec\u021bie pentru macarale.<\/p>

Iar pentru o exploatare \u00een condi\u021bii de siguran\u021b\u0103 este necesar ca ISO 12480-1:2024<\/a> (Macarale \u2013 Utilizare \u00een condi\u021bii de siguran\u021b\u0103 \u2013 Partea 1: Generalit\u0103\u021bi)<\/em> ofer\u0103 cadrul interna\u021bional. Standardul acoper\u0103 toate etapele, de la planificarea sarcinilor de lucru p\u00e2n\u0103 la alegerea, instalarea \u0219i exploatarea macaralei, precum \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerea acestuia<\/a> prin intermediul operatorilor, leg\u0103turi<\/a> \u0219i se ocup\u0103 de sistemul de lucru \u00een condi\u021bii de siguran\u021b\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la alegerea transmi\u021b\u0103toarelor.<\/p>

\u0218i ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 toate acestea \u00een Ungaria?<\/h2>

\u00cen Ungaria, documentul juridic fundamental privind utilizarea macaralelor este Ordonan\u021ba GM nr. 47\/1999 (4 august)<\/a>, care con\u021bine ca anex\u0103 Regulamentul de siguran\u021b\u0103 pentru utilajele de ridicare (EBSZ)<\/strong>. Nu este vorba de un standard, ci de un set de cerin\u021be legale obligatorii.<\/p>

A Prin urmare, standardele \u0219i actele normative \u00eendeplinesc roluri diferite<\/strong>: legisla\u021bia stabile\u0219te cadrul juridic obligatoriu, \u00een timp ce regulamentele UE (de exemplu, Directiva 2006\/42\/CE privind echipamentele tehnice \u0219i Regulamentul (UE) 2023\/1230 privind echipamentele tehnice, care o \u00eenlocuie\u0219te (UE) 2023\/1230 privind echipamentele) \u0219i standardele tehnice ofer\u0103 instruc\u021biuni detaliate privind proiectarea, fabricarea \u0219i exploatarea.<\/p>

Sistemul de siguran\u021b\u0103 propriu-zis al macaralei<\/h2>

Prin urmare, \u00een spatele unei macarale sigure nu st\u0103 un singur standard, ci un ansamblu de standarde, reglement\u0103ri, calcule inginere\u0219ti, teste \u0219i personal calificat corespunz\u0103tor.<\/p>

Capacitatea de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a macaralei reprezint\u0103 doar o parte a pove\u0219tii. La fel de importante sunt clasa de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, structura constructiv\u0103, starea c\u00e2rligului \u0219i a cablului, dispozitivele de siguran\u021b\u0103, verific\u0103rile \u0219i modul de exploatare. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, toate standardele privind macaralele au acela\u0219i scop: \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turile de c\u00e2teva tone s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi deplasate, iar oamenii s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103.<\/p>

Compania noastr\u0103 proiecteaz\u0103 macaralele conform standardelor, le fabric\u0103 \u0219i le instaleaz\u0103 \u00een conformitate cu acestea. Contacta\u021bi-ne pentru a afla cum proiect\u0103m \u0219i fabric\u0103m macaraua pentru compania dumneavoastr\u0103. Eco-Cranes Kft. \u2013 +36-27-360823<\/a> \u2013 <\/strong>info@ecocranes.hu<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O sarcin\u0103 de c\u00e2teva tone suspendat\u0103 \u00een aer nu iart\u0103 gre\u0219elile. Prin urmare, la proiectarea unei macarale nu este suficient s\u0103 se \u0219tie doar ce greutate trebuie s\u0103 ridice. Trebuie stabilit \u0219i c\u00e2t de des func\u021bioneaz\u0103, ce sarcini suport\u0103, cum este verificat\u0103, cum este exploatat\u0103; \u0219i ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een cazul \u00een care ceva nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 corect. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10801,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[109,102],"tags":[115,116,234],"class_list":["post-11202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daru","category-hirek-cikkek","tag-daru","tag-msz-9721-2-81-szabvany","tag-szabvany","has-thumb"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDaruszabv\u00e1nyok Magyarorsz\u00e1gon \u00e9s a vil\u00e1gban - Eco-Cranes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A daruszabv\u00e1nyok hat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k meg, hogy egy daru milyen gyakran dolgozhat, milyen terhel\u00e9st kaphat, hogyan kell 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